This Day in History - October 13

October 13
54 – Nero succeeds his great-uncle, Claudius, who was killed by his wife, as the new emperor of Rome
1282 – Japanese monk, Nichiren, dies
1307 – Members of the Knights of Templar are arrested throughout France, imprisoned and tortured by the order of King Philip the Fair of France
1399 – Henry IV is crowned
1670 – Virginia protects black Christians arriving in the colonies by passing a law that they cannot be used as slaves
1775 – The Continental Congress authorizes construction of two warships, thus instituting the first American naval force
1776 – Benedict Arnold is defeated at Lake Champlain during the Revolutionary War
1784 – King of Spain, Ferdinand VII, is born
1792 – President George Washington lays the cornerstone for the White House
1812 – English army officer, Isaac Brock, dies
1812 – At the Battle of Queenston Heights, a Canadian and British army defeats the Americans who tried to invade Canada
1817 – Canadian writer, William Kirby, is born
1843 – B’nai B’rith, the oldest Jewish service organization in the world, is founded in New York City by Henry Jones and 11 others
1845 – Texans ratify a state constitution and approve annexation to make Texas the 28th American state
1849 – In Monterey, the California state constitution prohibiting slavery is signed
1853 – British actress, Lillie Langtry, is born
1863 – The voters of Ohio reject Clement Vallandigham, leader of the Copperheads, or anti-war Democrats who were critical of the Republican war policy, particularly the emancipation of slaves, in the fall gubernatorial election
1890 – Novelist and short story writer, Conrad Richter, is born
1904 – Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams is published
1907 – French film director, Yves Allegret, is born
1909 – Multiple Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist, Herblock, is born
1910 – Pilot and adventure novelist, Ernest Kellogg Gann, is born
1910 – American jazz pianist, Art Tatum, is born
1911 – Irish author, social worker, and teacher, Sister Nivedita, dies
1915 – During World War I at the Battle of Loos, Scottish poet Charles Hamilton Sorley is killed by a German sniper
1925 – The first female UK prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, is born
1926 – Jazz bass player, Ray Brown, is born
1930 – Screenwriter, producer, actor, Emmy-winning writer Bruce Geller is born
1939 – Actress, Melinda Dillon, is born
1941 – Grammy-winning singer, songwriter, musician and producer Paul Simon is born
1942 – In the first of four attacks, two Japanese battleships shell Henderson field on Guadalcanal, in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy the American Cactus Air Force during World War II
1943 – Italy declares war on Germany during World War II
1943 – Poet Robert Lowell is sentenced to prison for a year for evading the draft
1944 – Troops of the Soviet Army occupy Riga, capital of Latvia
1946 – The Fourth Republic begins in France and will continue to 1958
1947 – Singer, songwriter, musician, Sammy Hagar, is born
1950 – Actor, James Stewart, stars in Harvey
1953 – The world’s first traveling art museum opens in Fredericksburg, Virginia
1958 – Paddington Bear, a beloved icon of children’s literature is published
1959 – Singer, songwriter, and actress, Marie Osmond, is born
1960 – White House Press Secretary for President George W. Bush, Ari Fleischer, is born
1966 – Defense Secretary Robert McNamara declares at a news conference in Saigon that the military operations in the Vietnam War have “progressed very satisfactorily since 1965”
1967 – Actress, Kate Walsh, is born
1967 – First game of the fledgling American Basketball Association; Oakland Oaks beat Anaheim Amigos 134-129 in Oakland, California
1969 – Olympic bronze and silver medal-winning figure skater, Nancy Kerrigan, is born
1970 – In a report prepared for President Nixon, counterinsurgency expert Sir Robert Thompson explains that annihilating the Viet Cong is a prerequisite for solving the political troubles of South Vietnam
1971 – English comedian, actor, and screenwriter, Sacha Baron Cohen, is born
1972 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes Mountains near the Argentina-Chile border. Out of 45 people, 16 survive but are not rescued until December 23rd
1973 – American mixed martial artist, Matt Hughes, is born
1974 – Television show host, Ed Sullivan, dies
1975 – Singer Charlie Rich protests John Denver’s win at the CMA Awards that he was presenting for, by lighting the envelope containing Denver’s name on fire, live on stage with a cigarette lighter he pulled from his pocket
1976 – Dr. F.A. Murphy at Center for Disease Control obtains the first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle
1977 – Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa airliner and demand the release of 11 imprisoned members of Germany’s Baader-Meinhof terrorist group, also known as the Red Army Faction, who had terrorized Germany for decades. The Palestinian hijackers took the plane on a six-country journey, eventually landing at Mogadishu, Somalia, on October 17, after shooting one of the plane’s pilots. The next morning, a German special forces team stormed the aircraft, releasing 86 hostages and killing three of the four hijackers. Only one of the German commandos was wounded. The Red Army Faction’s imprisoned leaders responded to the news later that day by committing suicide in their jail cell, in Stammheim, Germany
1981 – Egypt’s vice president Hosni Mubarak is elected president, one week after Anwar Sadat’s assassination
1982 – Australian swimmer, Ian Thorpe, is born
1983 – The Space Shuttle Challenger arrives safely at Kennedy Space Center in Florida
1987 – Indian actor and singer, Kishore Kumar, dies
1990 – The Lebanese Civil War ends when a Syrian attack removes General Michel Aoun from power
1999 – The Colorado grand jury investigating the case of child beauty queen JonBenet Ramsey, who was murdered in December 1996, is dismissed and the Boulder County district attorney announces no indictments will be made due to insufficient evidence. Although her parents were the primary suspects during the investigation, to this date, the murder has not been officially solved
2010 – After being underground for a record 69 days, all 33 miners trapped in a Copiapo, Chile mine are rescued

Written by Crystal McCann
Crystal is the Chief Operating Officer of Lanterns Media Network and the owner of Madisons Media. She lives in Texas with her husband and dogs and is the proud mother of two adult children.
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